At this point there is limited data, but it does not appear that third party candidates were the major factor. GJ likely pulled as many or more from Trump as HRC. Stein was often a non-factor. The enthusiasm of whites without a college education, many whom likely have not voted in a long time (and thus do not show up in polls of 'likely voters') appear to have been the difference.
In early data (and exit poll data is not the final word), it looks like less than 1/3 of white males who voted voted for HRC and less than 45% of white women. Combine that with high, but lower than 2012, turnouts among African-Americans (particularly men) and lower than hoped for turnout of millennials and it is not difficult to account for the 1% difference that resulted in a HRC defeat. She would have been a VASTLY superior president, but she was a vastly inferior candidate, even using traditional metrics.
So, her campaign hurt her. But in the end the key distinguishing factors might turn out to be deep seated misogyny and racism (unjustifiable but real and rooted in everyday American's, perhaps mostly men), decades of Fox Noise/Briebart conspiracy theories about HRC and Obama (unjustified but real, and elite led), and anger/frustration with declining US hegemony's impact on working class communities (justifiable and real, though seeking salvation through Trump still strikes me as self-defeating), and a poorly run campaign on one side + an innovative and successful (if offensive) campaign on the other.
Many are taking this loss hard. Many are not talking about it, nor watching news. Given how complex governance is at that level, and how divided the R party is, and as Oprah put it 'how humbling it is to become the leader of the free world,' there is still a chance that things will not be as horrible as expected. Which brings me to another layer of unsettling: much of my own, and I suspect other's, deep disorientation today is rooted more in what electing him says about our country--regardless of whether he deports 11 million or not.
So, we will likely survive the next four years; it may not be as horrible as feared; since he is a former democrat we may even see changes that are not half-bad; but his victory and the way he pulled it off diminishes the great American experiment in inescapable ways. That will take some time to recover from, if we are ever able to wash that stain from the fabric our collective soul.
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